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Everyone should know that when the truck is in use, the exhaust gas needs to meet the emission standards. Therefore, a device specially designed for collecting and treating particulate emissions – Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) – was born.
In order to meet the requirements of Euro V emissions, some diesel trucks have been equipped with DPF since Euro Ⅳ emissions. Therefore, DPF has become a standard configuration for diesel trucks starting from Euro V emission standards. So far, DPF is already a very mature technology. It can be said with certainty that as long as diesel oil and engine oil are used according to the specified labels, the DPF can have the same life as the truck.
What is DPF? What Does a Diesel Particulate Filter Do?
What is DPF on a truck? So much has been said before, so what is DPF? DPF is the abbreviation of Diesel Particulate Filter. It is a device specially used to capture and adsorb carbonized particles in the after-treatment of diesel trucks. It can effectively purify 80%-90% of the particles in the exhaust gas. DPF is like wearing a mask for the exhaust pipe, which removes the impurities in the exhaust gas through filtration so that the PM content in the exhaust gas reaches the emission standard.
Where Is DPF Filter Located?
Diesel particulate filters (DPF) are installed in the exhaust system of diesel trucks.
How Does DPF Work?
DPF generally adopts wall flow filter. By alternately blocking the inlet and outlet of the carrier pores, the air flow is forced through the porous walls so that gaseous pollutants can flow out through the pore walls, while particles are trapped inside the DPF by the pore walls.
The Structure of DPF
The DPF structure of the diesel engine is mainly divided into two parts: diesel particulate filter catcher and burner. The condition for DPF to trigger regeneration is to start regeneration when soot accumulation reaches a certain amount. There will be an obvious prompt on the dashboard when regenerating. Tips for different brands and models are different. Many large diesel vehicles give prompts and then manually press keys to regenerate.
Why Does DPF Get Blocked?
Inefficient fuel combustion in engines and substandard fuel and lubricating oil quality are prone to high levels of polymer formation. This polymer is generally around 1 micron. If it is not restricted, it will be like an old truck that will emit black smoke and black carbon particles when you step on the accelerator deeply. Exacerbates particulate pollution in the air, which is harmful to health.
The DPF acts as a particle catcher, which collects a large amount of particles during the truck’s working process. If it is not cleaned in time, the DPF will be blocked.
Can a Blocked DPF Damage the Engine?
Yes, if the DPF is blocked, it will not only reduce the power of the truck, but also increase fuel consumption. When there are more and more impurities in the DPF, it will also cause the exhaust of the truck engine to be blocked, causing harmful gases to penetrate into the cab. More seriously, it may even cause the engine to fail to start, and finally the engine has to be repaired at a high price.
How to Clean the DPF Filter?
How To Clean A Diesel Particulate Filter? When the DPF is blocked, generally there will be a corresponding warning light on the dashboard of the truck to prompt. When the particulate matter captured in the DPF reaches the treatment limit, it needs to be treated. Using high temperature and other reaction conditions, the collected particulate matter is burned up and turned into ash powder, which is discharged into the atmosphere along with the exhaust gas.
During the DPF regeneration process, the engine can be shut down at any time to interrupt the regeneration. The system will also detect when you turn on the engine, and will continue to regenerate when the trigger condition is met. You can completely ignore its existence during normal use of the truck, it works fully automatically.
DPF regeneration requires high-temperature combustion particles, so the exhaust will be different from usual. And sometimes there will be a smell, which is normal and nothing to worry about.
How to DPF Regen?
Passive regeneration:
when the truck is traveling at high speed. When the system detects that the particulate matter in the DPF device reaches a certain value, the exhaust gas will automatically rise to a higher temperature. Convert nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide. And use this to oxidize carbon particles, and automatically remove the precipitated particles in the filter.
Active regeneration:
In general, it is possible to actively clean up the particulate matter trapped in the DPF. Generally, it is fuel injection regeneration and electric heating regeneration. Such equipment does not require frequent disassembly and cleaning. If cleaning is required, it can be heated in a high-temperature furnace, purged with high-pressure gas, etc. It is mainly to clean the metal cylinder wall debris and special ash generated by some engines that cannot be removed by heating and burning.
Manual ash removal:
When the DPF captures too much particulate matter and the DPF cannot be processed by regeneration, manual removal is required. The filter and its accessories need to be placed in the heating chamber to decompose and ash the urea crystals by heat. At the same time, other particles are heated and loosened, and then with the help of high-speed airflow, the small holes of the ceramic filter are pressurized and purged multiple times to clean the pores and achieve the regeneration effect of clearing the blockage.
Why Your Truck Regens So Often?
Some car owners asked: “Why does my truck regen so often?”. This problem can occur for a number of reasons:
- Whether the low ash engine oil used has reached the grade required by the truck manual;
- Whether there is a problem with diesel oil, which can directly lead to insufficient combustion and produce a large number of smoke particles to block the DPF;
- The oxygen sensor is damaged, increasing in fuel injection volume, resulting in insufficient combustion, and a large number of particles;
- Frequent short-distance driving without warming up the car, if the diesel engine steps on the accelerator before the temperature reaches the temperature, it will also cause a lot of smoke particles;
- There is a problem with the DPF burner, and it will stop working without complete combustion;
- The sensing products (differential pressure sensor, temperature sensor) inside the DPF work unstable, etc.
How to Avoid DPF Problems?
When the owner uses a diesel truck, the DPF of the truck needs to be cleaned regularly. Under normal circumstances, when the truck runs to about 8,000 kilometers, it needs to stop for 40-90 minutes to regenerate the DPF. When the mileage of the truck reaches 150,000 kilometers to 200,000 kilometers, the DPF needs to be cleaned once. So as not to affect the normal use of this function, or even damage other parts of the truck.
To sum up, we must have enough knowledge about diesel trucks. It is different from gasoline cars. Therefore, friends who drive diesel vehicles should pay more attention to oil products and driving habits. If you can warm up the car, try to heat up the car as much as possible. The hot car does not need to idle in place. After starting, you can drive slowly at idle speed, and then accelerate when the temperature rises.
DPF will have problems, but it is not as terrible as some people say. Normal use can last as long as the truck. The normal maintenance of the truck and the addition of engine oil and diesel oil with the grade specified by the manufacturer will generally not cause problems such as clogging and frequent regeneration.
